There is only one
kind of cat that cannot retract its claws - the Cheetah. This is
because for a cheetah, that's really not the point. They rely on
their speed and their teeth rather than power and claws to take down
their prey. Daquan and his friends may go from 0 to 100 real quick,
but a cheetah can go from 0 to 60MPH (96 KM/H) in three seconds, and
reach a top recorded speed of 75 MPH (120 KM/H). As anyone involved
with performance vehicles will tell you, to get acceleration you need
an engine capable of doing it, and you need traction. This is where
the Cheetah's claws come in - claws dig into the ground, giving
near-perfect traction for acceleration and cornering.
The end result is
that this bluntens their claws in a similar way to a dog's. As a
side-effect, they are unable to climb trees vertically as many other
cats (big and small) do.
When a Cheetah
hunts, it spends 95% of its time almost totally immobile, moving only
stealthily and trying to remain unseen. When it spots a prey animal
it thinks it can bring down, it makes a burst of energy and sprints
after it. They need to be fairly sure of success, since this is going
to cost a huge amount of energy - to go back to the performance cars
analogy, a top fuel dragster will go through five gallons of fuel
over a very short race - normally only a quarter mile (402m),
completed in 4.9 seconds. And it's a very short race for the Cheetah
too, since most of its prey is caught or given up on within a minute.
The traction of
the Cheetah isn't just used for speed and acceleration of course -
Cheetah have to be able to follow their prey, and their preferred
prey types, antelopes and gazelles and the like, are renowned for
gracefulness and nimbleness. So when their prey turns a sixty-degree
corner at forty miles an hour, it wouldn't do for the Cheetah to be
left sliding sideways through the dust. Claws dig in here as well,
the long tail swings around as a counterbalance, and dinner doesn't
get away.
On the other
hand, there's the dewclaw, which is fully retractable, and is used
for the same purposes as you would expect - it comes out of the top
of their paw instead of the front, between their toes. Slightly
larger than its other claws, the dewclaw isn't always used in combat,
but when it is, it's deadly.
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